Sodium L-lactate is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals.

JC-1 is a fluorescent lipophilic carbocyanine dye. It has been used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.?JC 1 can be used in a probe for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry. JC-1 fluorescence is usually excited by the 488?nm laser wavelength common in flow cytometers. JC-1 (2.5?μM) exposed to murine L1210 lymphoblasts, can be detected the presence of both cytoplasmic JC-1 monomer and mitochondrial J-aggregates in these cells.

8-Gingerol shows antipyretic and anti-inflammation characteristics.